Optics is the branch of science that studies the formation and propagation of light, the transformations it undergoes and produces, and other phenomena that are closely linked to it. The physical and geometrical branches of optics are the two main subfields. The fundamental subject of physical optics is the nature and properties of light itself. The principles governing the image-forming properties of lenses, mirrors, and other light-based devices are the focus of geometrical optics. Additionally, it includes optical data processing, which entails altering the information contained in an image produced by coherent optical systems.
