Ethnographer and writer Pavel Ivanovich Melnikov, better known as Andrey Pechersky belongs to the galaxy of outstanding Russian writers middle of the XIX century. Original creative individuality, sharp observation, knowledge of folk life and folklore, their command of folk speech made him one of a number of significant writers at a time when literature shining luminaries such critical realism as Tolstoy, N. Nekrasov, M. Saltykov-Shchedrin, F. Dostoevsky, Turgenev, Ostrovsky, IA Goncharov. Thanks to a very special talent, a peculiar view of the world he was able to show in their works that escaped from the looks of these and many other artists of the word. Creativity of the writer is so bright and original that today care raises questions, the reader opens the unknown facets of Russian life of the last century, shows the originality of the characters of our compatriots.