Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. High Performance Cloud Computing is a term coined by Robert L. Clay of Sandia National Labs to refer to a body of work focused on providing a scalable application runtime environment based on core notions from Cloud Computing applied for use on high performance machine architectures. Work on HPC2 emerged as a response to the perceived breakdown of several core assumptions in traditional high performance computing at extreme scale.